elizabeth wilson

Elizabeth Wilson

Innocence- Like Rachel Wall, Elizabeth Wilson is concerned with the idea of her own innocence. She also has a modern conception of guilt an innocence, an idea of not guilty by reason of insanity: “or was an insensible, hardened creature, and did not expect to die for this crime” (271).

Force- Wilson says that Mr. Wilkinson kills her infants by stomping on their chests, and the force of the blow ends their lives. Also, he puts a pistol to
Wilson keeping her forcibly from being able to protect her babies

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rachel wall

-Warning- Rachel’s first mention of warning is to her husband, who “enticed me to leave my service and take to bad company” (284).  Although she says that she forgives him, she hopes that her “unhappy fate will be a solemn warning to him” (284).  She continues to say that “I hope my awful and untimely fate will be a solemn warning and caution to everyone, but more particularly to the youth, especially those of my own sex” (284). 

 

Guilt- Rachel Wall is the first person to express innocence of the crime for which she is being executed (unless we want to count Levi Ames’ assertion that he was let into a house, not the one who first broke in).  She confesses to other crimes, all some sort of theft, but still maintains that she is innocent of what she is being executed for.  She states, though, that God with ultimately judge the truth of the statement she is making.

 

Education-  Like many narratives, Rachel Wall’s starts out with her upbringing—how her parents treated her, what they did, and whether they attempted to make her a good honest person.  She says that they “gave me a good education, and instructed in me in the fundamental principles of the Christian religion” (283).  Wall blames her descent into crime on her husband, not her parents, but it appears that all of the narratives we’ve read have blamed it on someone.

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american bloody register

Money- Richard Barrick is a highway robber, purely out for money. He knocks on people’s door, demanding their money, and forces his way in to take whatever he can if they won’t comply. He is driven purely by a desire for money, as is his partner John Sullivan. Alexander White commits his crimes so he will have enough money to marry a woman he loves. These narratives seem somewhat connected to ones like Owen Syllavan and Isaac Frasier, but far different from any of the other narratives we have read thus far.

Guilt- Alexander White’s sentencing introduces a very modern concept of guilt or innocence, one very caught up in circumstance and motive. At his trial, the “court seemed much affected with his plea and the rehearsal of his story”, and later “were so tender of his case, that they proceeded to examine sundry witnesses” (247). Although White is eventually found guilty and sentenced to death, it is still interesting to note that his story garnered the sympathy of the court.

Salvation- Alexander white is extremely concerned with his own salvation, long after he has accepted that he will die and that he deserves to. Even upon his execution, he expressed a belief that he will be saved by God.

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levi ames

Forgiveness-  Levi Ames expresses two forms of forgiveness at the end of his life: one he has given and one he has received.  He asks “May God forgive me of my dreadful wickedness committed both against his and many worthy men”, and also states that he forgives one of his accomplices, Joseph Atwood, who apparently lied at their trial, saying that Levi broke into the house (181).  These two sides of forgiveness have allowed Levi Ames to “die in charity with all mankind” (181).

 

Conscience- Levi Ames is troubled by his conscience, but it is still one dictated by religion—his main fear is that he will go to hell.  He tries to ease his fears first by drinking and then by reading the Bible, but neither work too effectively: “O! a wounded conscience who can bear?” (182). 

 

Warning- Levi Ames has all kinds of warnings before he dies—some about how to keep from becoming a criminal (the typical), but also warnings for ordinary people about how to keep from being robbed: what sort of locks to have, where to keep luggage, and how to watch over your children. 

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buchanan ross brooks

Money- Mr. Spooner is apparently murdered for money, hired by Mrs. Spooner, and paid with cash kept in a box which is split up among the murderers, a few hundred dollars for each. They also split up some his belongings, such as clothing and his watch. The concept of money, and the willingness to kill for it, is very different from the reasons we saw for murder in the earlier narratives. Patience
Boston and Esther Rodgers killed for more confusing psychological reasons: Buchanan, Ross, and Brooks killed, it appears, purely for money, as they were paid for their crime and did not even know Mr. Spooner.

Conscience- Buchanan says that at the ti me of the killing “I was instantly struck with the horror of conscience”, one of the earliest mentions we’ve seen of the conscience in these narratives (223). Interestingly, this mention of conscience has nothing to do with God and is also for a man who the murderers do not even know.

Warning- Buchanan, Ross, and Brooks conclude their account with the usual warning to youths of how to avoid becoming an executed criminal. They should “avoid bad company, excessive drinking, profane cursing and swearing, shameful debaucheries, disobedience to parents” (224). The three criminals, despite the fact that their narrative is very different from the ones that we have read up to this point, still conclude with the typical repentance, religious talk, and warning to the youth that we have come to expect.

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buchana, ross, brooks

deceit – To me it didn’t seem like these men were really guilty of anything except being deceived.  Mrs. Spooner from the moment she saw them conceived in her mind ways to have her husband killed.  Her refusal to have them leave her house reassured their role in his death, and gave her more credibility in their minds which allowed for her to eventually get them to kill her husband.

lust – Buchanan seemed to be a victim of lust.  Mrs. Spooner’s flirtations and constant requests of his presence offered the lust of his flesh more and more time to gain control of his mind.  His attraction to Mrs. Spooner in effect was his downfall because it lead to his agreeing to commit the crime when at first he and Mr. Brooks rejected taking part in the murder.

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the american bloody register

1. number-after commmitting a crime, it almost seems as though the worth of the person became so devalued that they lost their human identity and essentially became a numnber. the only interest left in these people were the public entertainment for the townspeople.

2. pirate– a plunderer. pirates would take belongings of others. they were also so different from

other factions in society that their label stood out. this is comparable to the executioner who,

rather than taking belongings took people’s lives but whose title was still well known through-

out society.

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levi ames

list – The accounts of thefts appear to be a shopping list or something of that sort.  Here is a recollection of those tings that were stolen as if in order to get it all off of his chest. 

regret – “For after I had stolen, I have been so distressed at times, as to be obliged to go back, and throw the stolen goods at the door, or into the yard, that the owners might have the again.  And not long before I was taken for this robbery, I passed the gallows on Boston neck with some stolen goods under my arm when my conscience terribly smote me, and I thought I should surely die there, if I did not leave off this cause of life.” p.181

admonishment – Just like Frasier in his narrative/confession Ames reverts to admonishing the people in the town not to follow in his steps or death will be their reward.  He lends his warning especially towards the youth and tells them to avoid those vices that lead to the lifestyle he lead, such as stealing and lwed women. 

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rachel wall

1. public-once again, attention is placed on the public. their participation has become even more personal, however, in the way Wall describes their interests than just the ravenous spectators they have been in the past. “the public will be anxious to know every particular circumstance of the life and character of a person in my unhappy situation…”

2. youth-here another category is presented by which criminals can be grouped. since in many cases the deviant acts we’ve read about began in childhood, like Wall, she hopes the younger generation will heed her warning.

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levi ames

1. envy– the desire to have something belonging to another seems to be a feeling which serves as a catalyst for the injust acts in which Ames, as well as frasier, partook.

2. charity– a heartfelt, voluntary giving. “i die in charity with all mankind.” it is interesting that he would say this in the snese that he voluntarily forgave Atwood for lying and that, through his confessions, all those whome he victimized would or had also voluntarily forgiven him. in a way, it is almost humerous that a theif would use the word charity in some of his last words.

3. holy-being of God. Ames states that he wants to be made holy. this desire to be made holy and achieve salvation is the most important aspect of the criminal after being condemned. “since which I have found peace of mind, anger against myself for sin, and a desire to be made holy.”

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