2. minister– the role of the minister is obviously very related to the role of the sermon. given the importance of the sermon, the minister’s role in an execution and confession of a person was an imperative one. the judge or jury is never mentioned in any of these accounts. just the minister. the minister was present at all points of a person’s conviction all the way up to their execution. their role was so important that their names are remembered before the name of the criminal. People remember what Mather spoke at Morgan’s execution before thinking about Morgan being a murderer. their names stand out as being related to these sentences much like scalia’s name stands in relation to creating a legal precedent in supreme court ruling.

3. soul– besides the relationship of power from external and internal forces as defined by Foucault, the soul at this time is spoken of as more of an entity that lives on after the body is gone. in fact, it has taken precedence over the physical body. when reading the first few works in this course dealing primarily with torture, the body was the key entity. they focused on the pain and transformation of the physical body. however, now that toruture has been replaced with the more common hanging, the soul has arisen as the most important aspect of ending someone’s life. now the transformation has taken on a more spiritual sense rather than physical. “God has made now these bitter to my soul…i know what pain is, but what shall i do for my poor soul?”